Progress and challenges in optical cochlear implant / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Optical cochlear implant has been occuring as a new cochlear implant which utilizes laser pulses to stimulate hearing. Compared to electronic cochlear implant, it has demonstrated higher spatial selectivity and less radiation scattering, which could lead to higher fidelity cochlear prostheses. At present, most investigations have focused on experiments in vivo. Although a lot of exciting results have been obtained, the mechanisms of laser stimulation is still open. In this paper, a brief review on the recent new findings of optical cochlear implant is given, and possible mechanisms are discussed. In the end, new experimental proposals are suggested which could help to explore the mechanisms of laser-cochlea stimulation.

Study of anti-cancer traditional Chinese medicine using systems biology technology / 中国肿瘤临床

This article focuses on the research of molecular mechanism of brain tumor treatment using the Jinlong capsule via system biology technology. Methods:Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 gene chip was used to detect the genes of samples, in-cluding the brain tumor tissues of nude mice after Jinlong capsule intervention and those of blank control group mice. Differentially ex-pressed genes were identified based on fold change between the two groups. To identify the upstream regulators of the response signa-tures, the differentially expressed genes were subjected to interactome analysis by one-step overconnectivity test and multi-step hidden node algorithm. A set of genes preferentially connected to differentially expressed genes via direct interactions and pathways (called to-pologically significant genes) was generated. Concurrent pathway enrichment analysis on key pathways, processes, and functional units of both differentially expressed genes and topologically significant genes was performed to identify the most likely signaling pathways connecting regulators and effector genes. Finally, condition-specific networks (called causal network) were built to model molecular events by using a set of manually annotated protein interactions, pathways, and proteins and a toolkit of algorithms and filters on Meta-Core platform. Results:A total of 37 differentially expressed genes have been identified between Jinlong capsule-treated sample and ve-hicle sample with fold change of 2. Connection analysis identified 106 topologically significant genes. The main feature of the causal network is stimulation of neural cell specific genes that regulate normal cell physiology, particularly developmental processes and apop-tosis. Another important effect of the Jinlong capsule is its inhibition of the gene markers of interferon response, suggesting signaling in-hibition, followed by de-activation of immune response. Conclusion:Jinlong capsule exerts an anti-neoplastic effect by inducing stimu-lation of neural cell and by inhibiting interferon signal transduction.

Profile of the Invention Patents of Paeonia lactiflora Pall / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Paeonia lactiflora Pall. has a long history of utilization, and is widely used in pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industry. In this paper, the invention patents of traditional medicine P. lactiflora before 2014 were retrieved, and totally 18 192 patent families were obtained. And we formed the patent analysis report of medicine P. lactiflora based on a multi-angle analysis. Results show that, as to the patent number of medicine P. lactiflora, China is much more than any other country, and the applications mainly came from pharmaceutical enterprises. But the technologi-cal quality of patents and international protection ratio are low in our country. We need to strengthen in treatment of cardiovascular and liver disease. The patents mainly focused on the use of tonic health, which is compatible with Traditional Chinese Medicine. On the product development, dosage forms need to be enhanced. As to the compre-hensive utilization of resources, the flower and seed of P. lactiflora have relatively larger research space and value. This work will be helpful for researchers in deeply understanding the research achievements of medicine P. lactiflora, and provides the reference data for the future research.

Development and validation of an in vitro model of mycobacterial granuloma / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To establish an in vitro model of mycobacterial granuloma.Methods Mononuclear cells were isolated from peripheral blood of healthy human subjects,and stimulated to differentiate into macrophages,which were then classified into four groups to be cocultured with Mycobacterium marinum,Mycobacterium tuberculosis,Bacillus Calmette-Guérin,and Mycobacterium leprae,respectively,for five days followed by incubation with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from the corresponding donors to establish an in vitro model of mycobacterial granuloma.The macrophages cocultured with PBMCs or mycobacteria alone served as the control.Microscopy was performed to dynamically visualize the formation of granuloma in vitro,flow cytometry to detect the expressions of cell surface antigens at different stages,real-time quantitative PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine the mRNA expressions of important cytokines and their protein levels in the supernatant of macrophages,respectively.Results After 7-9 days of coculture with mycobacteria and PBMCs,the macrophages aggregated to form granuloma-like clumps,and some cells fused to form multinuclear giant cells,along with the expressions of some surface antigens such as CD14,CD68 and CD86 on these macrophages.The mRNA expressions of some important cytokines,including tumor necrosis factor-a,interferon-γ interleukin (IL)-1 β and IL-10,were detectable in the macrophages cocultured with mycobacteria and PBMCs,and the secretion of these cytokines was confirmed by ELISA in the supernatant of these cells.Conclusions An in vitro model of mycobacterial granuloma is basically established,which may facilitate the investigation into the formation of granuloma caused by and immune response to mycobacterial infection.

Sequence analysis and identification of a chloroplast matK gene in Rhei Rhizoma from different botanical origins / 药学学报

Rhei Rhizoma is a Chinese medicine with multiple botanical origins. There is a problem to identify it with conventional methods. To compare the characteristics of chloroplast matK gene sequences of different Rheum species and authenticate inspected species, the matK gene sequences of different species from different origins were amplified, cloned, and sequenced. Genomic DNA of Rheum plants was extracted using modified DNA extracted Kit and matK gene sequences were analyzed by ContingExpress, DNAman and MEGA5.0. The length of matK gene sequences of Rheum palmatum, R. tanguticum and R. officinale were 1 518 bp containing 57 variable loci. According to the mutation sites, R. palmatum, R. tanguticum and R. officinale were divided into different genotypes separately. Based on the established method according to the loci 587, 707, 838, we successfully identified the genuine Rheum species from its adulterants.

A research on a preference of emotional memory in different cognitive style of undergraduates / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the preference of emotional memory in different cognitive style of undergraduates.Methods A 2 cognitive style (field independent style / field dependent style) * 3 facial expressions (positive/neutral/negative faces) mixed designs were adopted to compare the reaction time,which in the condition of stimuli presentation time 500 ms in field independent and dependent participants (n =25,respectively).E-Prime program was used to present the stimulus and to record the reaction time and accuracy to stimuli of all subjects.Repeated Measurement ANOVA was used in the research,facial expressions (positive/neutral/negative faces) as the within group factor,and groups (stress/non stress) as between group factor.Both the main effect of each variable and the interaction effect of variables were tested.Results There were a significant difference of response time and accuracy between the field independent and field dependent college students.It was shown by repeated measurement A NOVA that the main effect(F(2,47) =4.321,P＜ 0.05)in facial expressions properties and the interaction effect(F(2.47) =3.299,P＜ 0.05)between groups and facial expressions properties were found.Further analysis showed that the reaction time to detect stimulus of positive((610.71 ± 11.26)ms)and neutral ((606.24 ± 18.27) ms) facial expression was shorter than negative ((653.17 ± 20.91) ms) faces for field independent participants (P＜0.05).Interestingly,for field dependent group,the neutral faces ((675.67 ± 21.01) ms)were faster than others (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Field independent students had significant advantages over field dependent students in emotional memory.

A new natural product from root of Angelica dahurica cv. Qibaizhi / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents of the root of Angelica dahurica cv. Qibaizhi.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The compounds were isolated and purified by the methods of solvent extraction and chromatographic technique, and their structures were identified on the basis of the analyses of spectral data.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Twenty-seven compounds were obtained and identified as isoimperatorin (1), alloisoimperatorin (2), oxypeucedanin hydrate (3), byakangelicin (4), alloimperatorin (5), beta-sitosterol (6), dibutylphthalate (7), 6-(3,3-dimethylallyloxy) -7-hydroxycoumarin {7-hydroxy-6-[ (3-methyl-2-butenyl) oxy] -coumarin, 8}, xanthotoxol (9), 5-hydroxy-8-methoxypsoralen ( 5-hydroxyxanthotoxin, 10), smyrindiol (11), umbelliferone (12), bergapten (13), imperatorin (14), phellopterin (15), isoimpinellin (16), 6-acyl-7-methoxycoumarin (17), psoralen (18), isoscopletin (19), scoparone (20), xanthotoxin (21), angelol A (22), oxypeucedanin ethanolate (oxypeucedanin hydrate-3"-ethyl ether, 23), dehydrogeijerin (pablohopin, 24) , ulopterol (25), heraclenol (26), and pabulenol (27), respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compound 8 was a new natural product and the above-mentioned all the compounds except for compounds 1, 3 and 14 were isolated from the root of A. dahurica cv. Qibaizhi for the first time.</p>

Study on effect of different processing methods on seven main chemical components of wild and cultivated Paeonia lactiflora / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study on the effect of different processing methods on the contents of seven major constituents in wild and cultivated Paeonia lactiflora, gallic acid, catechin, albiflorin, paeoniflorin, pentagalloylglucose, benzoic acid and paeonol, in order to provide reference basis for different efficacy and formation mechanism of Paeonia Radix Rubra and Paeonia Radix Alba.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Wild and cultivated P. lactiflora were dealt with by four processing methods, direct drying, drying after boiling, drying after decorticating and boiling, and drying after boiling and decorticating. HPLC was use to simultaneously determine the contents of seven chemical constituents.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Wild P. lactiflora showed notable higher content of paeoniflorin and catechin than cultivated P. lactiflora, whereas cultivated P. lactiflora showed higher content of albiflorin than wild P. lactiflora. Both of them were less affected by process methods in above three constituents. Drying after boiling, drying after decorticating and boiling, and drying after boiling and decorticating methods reduced the content of benzoic acid and paeonol to trace in both wild and cultivated P. lactiflora. Clustering analysis results showed that all processing methods assembled wild and cultivated P. lactiflora in 2 groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The content differences of Paeonia Radix Rubra and Paeonia Radix Alba are mainly caused by their own differences and less affected by processing methods.</p>

Comparative study of plant morphological characteristics and photosynthetic physiological characteristics of wild and cultivated Paeonia lactiflora / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The aim of this study was to compare the plant morphological characteristics and photosynthetic physiological characteristics of Paeonia Radix Rubra and Paeonia Radix Alba, and find evidence of whether there are intraspecific variations of Paeonia lactiflora.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>With wild and cultivated P. lactiflora of the roots as asexual reproduction materials for cultivation experiment, morphological index, photosynthetic parameters and photosynthetic pigment content were measured.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>In the 9 of morphological characteristics between wild and cultivated P. lactiflora, the number of leaf, blade length, the width of leaf and the length of top leaf showed a significant difference. The variances within wild P. lactiflora group were big than those within cultivated P. lactiflora in 8 of morphological characteristics. In photosynthetic physiological characteristics, wild P. lactiflora were significantly higher than cultivated P. lactiflora in Max. net photosynthetic rate (P(max)), light compensation point (LCP), light saturation point(LSP), CO2 saturation point (CSP) and CO2 saturated P(n) (P(m)). And significantly lower than cultivated P. lactiflora in maximum net photosynthetic rate (P(max)), light compensation point (LCP), light in apparent quantum yield (AQY), CO2 compensation point (CCP), carboxylation efficiency (CE) and photosynthetic pigment content.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Wild and cultivated P. lactiflora have significant difference in morphological characteristics of leaf and photosynthetic physiological characteristics.</p>

Preparation of ibuprofen/EC-PVP sustained-release composite particles by supercritical CO2 anti-solvent technology / 药学学报

Ibuprofen/ethyl-cellulose (EC)-polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) sustained-release composite particles were prepared by using supercritical CO2 anti-solvent technology. With drug loading as the main evaluation index, orthogonal experimental design was used to optimize the preparation process of EC-PVP/ibuprofen composite particles. The experiments such as encapsulation efficiency, particle size distribution, electron microscope analysis, infrared spectrum (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and in vitro dissolution were used to analyze the optimal process combination. The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 40 degrees C, crystallization pressure 12 MPa, PVP concentration 4 mgmL(-1), and CO2 velocity 3.5 Lmin(-1). Under the optimal conditions, the drug loading and encapsulation efficiency of ibuprofen/EC-PVP composite particles were 12.14% and 52.21%, and the average particle size of the particles was 27.621 microm. IR and DSC analysis showed that PVP might complex with EC. The experiments of in vitro dissolution showed that ibuprofen/EC-PVP composite particles had good sustained-release effect. Experiment results showed that, ibuprofen/EC-PVP sustained-release composite particles can be prepared by supercritical CO2 anti-solvent technology.

Genetic variability and interrelationships of mainly quantitative traits in Glycyrrhiza uralensis cultivated population / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The main aim of the research was to evaluate genetic variability and interrelationships of mainly quantitative traits in 2-year population, and provide a basis for high-yield breeding of Glycyrrhiza uralensis.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Four genotype G. uralensis population were transplanting in four different environment using complete randomized block design with three replication, and the 10 quantitative traits, including plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD), tiller number (TN), taproot length (TRL), root length (RL), root diameter (RD), diameter of 20 cm below the root head (D20), taperingness (TR), lateral root number (LRN) and root fresh weight (RFW) were measured in field.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The difference among population for all evaluated traits were significant (P<0.05) through Duncan's multiple range tests, and the coefficient of variation of RFW and LRN were above 25%. The analysis of variance was used to evaluate the traits of four populations across to four different environment Genotype, environment and their interaction effect were significant (P<0.05) or highly significant (P<0.01) for mainly evaluated traits. Simple correlation between traits showed that PH, SD, LRN, RL, RD and D20 had highly significant (P<0.01) and positive correlation with RFW. Results of the path coefficient analyses showed that D20 had the greatest positive direct effect on RFW, followed by the traits of PH and RL.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Selection for increased D20, RL and PH would be the best indirect selection traits for increasing root yield. Meanwhile, ample genetic variability exists in the G. uralensis 2-year population, it could be used for breeding improvement of root yield.</p>

Observation on the efficacy and safety of physical and psychological symptoms in the inpatients with alcohol dependence after Trazodone treatment / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of anxiety, depression, insomnia and other psychological and physical symptoms after trazodone treated in patients with alcohol dependence. Methods 100 patients whose met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were divided into trazodone group and the placebo group with a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled method. Each of the patients was oral trazodone, or placebo 3 times a day, each time a course of treatment was 8 weeks. Hamilton Anxiety Scale ( HAM A) , Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HAMD) , Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI) , side effects scale (TESS) score and the necessary examinations were used to assess. Survey the re-drink situation after 1 year. Results 81 patients completed treatment, 19 patients were discharged or lost due to early treatment failure loss. In Trazodone group (41 cases) , the HAMA, HAMD and PSQI score before treatment and after treatment, total scores decreased gradually after 2 weeks of the three score and comfort dose group (40 cases) were the difference was statistically significant (P 0. 05 ). Conclusion Improve trazodone treat alcohol dependence withdrawal anxiety, depression and insomnia effectively. Found no adverse drug reactions and the safety is high. Reduce the recovery drink.

Acellular porcine aorta matrix as a novel tissue engineered vascular scaffold / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: The key of tissue engineered blood vessel research depends on the appropriate scaffolds. The porcine vascular tubes have frequently been used as candidates for tissue engineering vessel construction, but high immunogenicity and poor mechanical strength limit its application for tissue engineering scaffolds.OBJECTIVE: To prepare a novel tissue engineered vascular scaffold with good mechanical properties and biocompatibility using acellular porcine aorta matrix.METHODS: Porcine aorta was decellularized and modified by thermal cross-linking to improve the mechanical strength and biodegradation properties and to prepare acellular porcine aorta matrix scaffolds. Hematoxylin-eosin staining of histological sections and biomechanical tests were performed to assess the decellularization effects and the mechanical strength of the vascular matrix respectively. Vascular endothelial cells from human umbilical cord veins were isolated and seeded on the acellular matrix scaffolds and cultured in vitro. The biocompatibility was evaluated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After the porcine aorta was treated by 1% Triton X-100 solution for 84 hours, the vessel was fully decellularized, and the architecture of matrix was well preserved. The acellular vascular matrix demonstrated improved biomechanical properties after modification by thermal cross-linking under vacuum at 120 °C for 12 hours. Its tensile strength reached 1.70 MPa. After 7 days of in vitro culture, the seeded endothelial cells formed a typical vascular endothelial layer structure on the surface of acellular matrix, as observed by scanning electron microscopy. Results proved that acellular vascular matrix of porcine aorta could maintain the morphology and structure of natural vessels, its mechanical strength could be greatly improved after successive freeze-drying and thermal cross-linking. A good compatibility between the acellular matrix and endothelial cells of umbilical vein is also achieved.

Protective Effects of Ethanol Extract of Radix et Rhizoma Gentianae on Acute Lung Injury / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effects of the ethanol extract of Radix et Rhizoma Gentianae on acute lung injury (ALI). METHODS: 48 NIH male mice were randomized into blank group (normal saline), model group (normal saline), dexamethasone acetate group (0.005 g?kg-1), ethanol extract of Radix et Rhizoma Gentianae groups (high-dosage of 10 g?kg-1, medium dosage of 5 g?kg-1 and low dosage of 2.5 g?kg-1). The groups were administered via i.g gtt once a day for five days. ALI model was induced by intratracheal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 2.5 mg?kg-1) after last treatment. ELISA method was applied to determine the content of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and cycloxygenase-2(COX-2) at 24 h after modeling. RESULTS: As compared with model group, the content of PGE2 and COX-2 in ethanol extract of Radix et Rhizoma Gentianae groups were decreased significantly (P